The BG is the main pathologic area of PD, which is known to be implicated in choice selection, timing, working memory, and motor sequencing. ![]() Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenetative disorder resulting from a loss of dopaminergic neurons, which leads to alterations of neural activity in the basal ganglia (BG), thalamus (TH), and cortex. These findings may provide novel treatments in the cortex and striatum to alleviate symptoms of tremor in Parkinson’s disease. And the network tends to be less synchronized and less tremulous when the frequency of cortical input is in the theta band. ![]() Our results suggest that synchrony and tremor-related oscillations would be strengthened if the current of these two paths are in relative imbalance. Then, the mutual effects of both pathways are analysed by adjusting the related currents simultaneously. Firstly, the effects of indirect and hyperdirect pathways are analysed individually, which show that increased striatal activity to the globus pallidus external (GPe) or strong cortical gamma input to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is sufficient to promote synchrony and tremor-related oscillations in the BG network. In this paper, the roles of the indirect and hyperdirect pathways on synchronization and tremor-related oscillations are considered based on a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model. ![]() However, the dynamical mechanism underlying the tremor-related oscillations still remains unknown. Low-frequency oscillatory activity (3-9 Hz) and increased synchrony in the basal ganglia (BG) are recognized to be crucial for Parkinsonian tremor.
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